Further reading




  • Egelstaff, P.A. (1994). An Introduction to the Liquid State. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198517504.
  • Allen, M.P. & Tildersley, D.J. (1989). Computer Simulation of Liquids. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198556459.
  • Fischer, H.E., Barnes, A.C., and Salmon, P.S. (2006). "Neutron and x-ray diffraction studies of liquids and glasses". Rep. Prog. Phys. 69 (1): 233–99. Bibcode:2006RPPh...69..233F. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/69/1/R05.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Kawazoe,Y. and Waseda, Y. (2010). Structure and Properties of Aperiodic Materials. Springer. ISBN 978-3642056727.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Santen, L. & Krauth W. (2000). "Absence of a Thermodynamic Phase Transition in a Model Glass Former". Nature. 405 (6786): 550–1. arXiv:cond-mat/9912182. Bibcode:2000Natur.405..550S. doi:10.1038/35014561. PMID 10850709.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Pair distribution functions and structure factors

Image
The pair distribution function (or pair correlation function) of a material describes the probability of finding an atom at a separation r from another atom. A typical plot of g versus r of a liquid or glass shows a number of key features: At short separations (small r), g(r) = 0. This indicates the effective width of the atoms, which limits their distance of approach. A number of obvious peaks and troughs are present. These peaks indicate that the atoms pack around each other in 'shells' of nearest neighbors. Typically the 1st peak in g(r) is the strongest feature. This is due to the relatively strong chemical bonding and repulsion effects felt between neighboring atoms in the 1st shell. The attenuation of the peaks at increasing radial distances from the center indicates the decreasing degree of order from the center particle. This illustrates vividly the absence of "long-range order" in liquids and glasses. At long ranges, g(r) approaches a limiting value...
Read more

Other techniques

Image
Other experimental techniques often employed to study the structure of glasses include Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and other spectroscopy methods including Raman spectroscopy. Experimental measurements can be combined with computer simulation methods, such as Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) or molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to obtain more complete and detailed description of the atomic structure.
Read more

Network glasses

Image
Early theories relating to the structure of glass included the crystallite theory whereby glass is an aggregate of crystallites (extremely small crystals). However, structural determinations of vitreous SiO 2 and GeO 2 made by Warren and co-workers in the 1930s using x-ray diffraction showed the structure of glass to be typical of an amorphous solid In 1932 Zachariasen introduced the random network theory of glass in which the nature of bonding in the glass is the same as in the crystal but where the basic structural units in a glass are connected in a random manner in contrast to the periodic arrangement in a crystalline material. Despite the lack of long range order, the structure of glass does exhibit a high degree of ordering on short length scales due to the chemical bonding constraints in local atomic polyhedra. For example, the SiO 4 tetrahedra that form the fundamental structural units in silica glass represent a high degree of order, i.e. every silicon atom is coordinated ...
Read more